A comparative assessment of energy input-output in wheat production across different tillage systems

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Biosystem Engineering, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran.

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran.

3 Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

10.22069/ijerr.2025.23075.1463

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a vital staple crop worldwide, essential for sustainable agriculture and food security. This study examines the energy inputs and outputs associated with wheat production, specifically comparing conventional and conservation tillage systems within the Sistan and Baluchistan province. The analysis not only highlights energy consumption but also evaluates key metrics of energy efficiency. A comparison of the two tillage methods reveals significant differences in energy usage: conventional tillage demands a total energy input of 49,612.99 MJ ha-1, while conservation tillage only requires 37,972.36 MJ ha-1. This considerable reduction in energy input illustrates the greater energy efficiency of conservation tillage, which has an energy use efficiency ratio of 5.20, compared to 3.80 for conventional tillage. Additionally, the input-output analysis indicates that conservation tillage leads to lower labor requirements, decreased machinery usage, and reduced application of chemical fertilizers and biocides. To promote the sustainability of wheat production, it is advisable for farmers in Sistan and Baluchistan to adopt conservation tillage practices. This shift can enhance energy efficiency, lower production costs, and mitigate environmental impacts. Policymakers should focus on raising awareness and providing training on conservation tillage techniques to assist in this transition. Moreover, research institutions can contribute by conducting further investigations into the long-term advantages of conservation tillage and establishing support programs to encourage farmers to embrace more sustainable practices. Lastly, the integration of technology and innovative agricultural methods can further optimize energy consumption and enhance the overall sustainability of wheat farming.

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Environmental Resources Research
Volume 13, Issue 2
October 2025
Pages 207-220

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