Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesEnvironmental Resources Research2783-48327120190701An integrated method to valuate the function of green roofs in absorbing air pollutants; Case study: Tehran18463910.22069/ijerr.2019.11771.1167ENElmaMohammadiM.Sc. in Environmental sciences, College of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesSeyed HamedMirkarimiAssistant professor, College of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesMarjanMohammadzadehAssistant professor, College of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal Article20160904Tehran is the capital city of Iran and its inhabitants are suffering from air pollution.<br />Green roofs can be one of the choices to deal with this problem. In this paper, ability of<br />green roofs in absorbing four air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO2) in Tehran was<br />valuated. First, the potential of 1 m2 of a hypothetical green roof in Tehran in absorbing<br />PM10 and SO2 during 1 year was estimated using a dry deposition model. Absorbing<br />potential of green roof for NO2 and CO2 was taken from other studies. Next, the reduction<br />of each air pollutant was valuated using replacement cost method. Then, results were<br />generalized to the total roof areas of the residential buildings in Tehran for the green roofs<br />life span. Estimations showed that value of green roofs covering an area of 94,093,625 m2<br />in reducing PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO2 during 50 years in Tehran will be 506,361,775 $.https://ijerr.gau.ac.ir/article_4639_4c5622f1e08df5e2f344b5605c625da1.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesEnvironmental Resources Research2783-48327120190701Soil loss and runoff generation in rangeland, rain-fed and abandoned rain-fed agriculture land-uses under simulated rainfall919464010.22069/ijerr.2019.13463.1207ENMohammad AminGoudarziMSc Graduate, attended the faculty of watershed management, Islamic Azad university, Meybod, Iran,Ali AkbarJamaliDepartment of GIS-RS and Watershed Management Eng., Maybod Branch, Islamic Azad University,AtefehJafarpoorattended the faculty of watershed management, Hormozgan University, IranAtefehGholamiPhD Candidate in Combating DesertificationMasoudJafari ShalamzariPhD graduate from Gorgan Univ. of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal Article20170612Soil erosion is a global challenge, seriously threatening soil and water resources and<br />environmental qualities. One of the important factors to consider in the process of runoff<br />generation and soil erosion is the physical and chemical properties of soils under different<br />land-uses. The aim of this study is to estimate soil erosion and runoff in rangeland, rain-fed<br />and abandoned rain-fed agriculture in Karafs Watershed (Sarduyeh) in Jiroft County using<br />rainfall simulation. The experiment was conducted in 2012 and three land-uses with<br />uniform soil and lithology were considered. Simulated rainfalls were 46 and 88 mm.hr-1 of<br />intensity with 3 iterations, which totaled 36 samples. Soil samples were taken close to the<br />locations of rainfall simulation from the top 0-20 cm and transferred to the laboratory for<br />further analysis. The results showed a significant effect of land-use on runoff and erosion in<br />different rainfall intensities, so that the highest runoff was generated in the abandoned rainfed<br />agriculture at the intensity of 88 mm.hr-1, with the least being generated in the rain-fed<br />agriculture at the intensity of 46 mm.hr-1. Likewise, we found that land-use changes had a<br />large impact on soil erosion, with the highest levels at the abandoned rain-fed agriculture<br />which resulted in the increased runoff generation. This factor could be explained by the<br />increased clay, silt, and lime content at the expense of the removal of sand from these areas.<br />Increasing rainfall intensity to 88 mm.hr-1 led to respectively 14% and 47% higher runoff<br />volumes and sediment loads compared to the initial intensity.<br /><br />https://ijerr.gau.ac.ir/article_4640_42832d3a0f835653eab8c8379f0b37e8.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesEnvironmental Resources Research2783-48327120190701Evaluation of water pollution from rice cultivation using Nitrogen fertilizer in North of Iran2028464110.22069/ijerr.2019.13545.1211ENAliHeshmatpourGonbad Kavous University, IranSaeedehPasandGonbad Kavous UniversityHosseinSabouriGonbad Kavous UniversityFaramarzRostamiGonbad Kavous UniversutyJournal Article20170623The increase of nitrite and nitrate concentrations in surface and groundwater is a great<br />concern in our lives nowadays. Nitrate and nitrite in drinking water normally originate from<br />agricultural operation and chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the present study aims to<br />investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizers used in rice cultivation and levels of nitrate and<br />nitrite in farm wastewater and water quality parameters. The study was conducted in 2015<br />using a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of<br />Gonbad Kavous University. The treatments included four levels of nitrogen (control, 37, 70<br />and 150 kg ha with 46%urea). Urea fertilizer was applied to rice in two vegetative and early<br />reproductive stages. Results showed that the effect of fertilizer on water pollution<br />(concentration of nitrite and nitrate) is significant at the one percent level of confidence.<br />Mean comparison of nitrogen indicated that the highest nitrate concentration (0.480 ppm)<br />and the high nitrite (0.044 ppm) were related to treatment with high fertilizer application<br />(150 kilograms per hectare) and the lowest nitrate concentration (0.083 ppm) and nitrite<br />(0.014 ppm) were attributed to control treatment. Mean comparison of different stages of<br />sampling revealed that rice in the vegetative stage and early reproductive stage absorbed<br />more nitrogen while at the end of the growing period plant nitrogen uptake declined.https://ijerr.gau.ac.ir/article_4641_19ce0026f2c89b07345ed5477d565f28.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesEnvironmental Resources Research2783-48327120190701Derivation of regression models for pan evaporation estimation2942464210.22069/ijerr.2019.14302.1228ENMajidJafariuniversity of Tabriz, water resources management, Tabriz. IRANYaghobDinpashohDepartment of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, IranJournal Article20171125Evaporation is an essential component of hydrological cycle. Several meteorological<br />factors play role in the amount of pan evaporation. These factors are often related to each<br />other. In this study, a multiple linear regression (MLR) in conjunction with Principal<br />Component Analysis (PCA) was used for modeling of pan evaporation. After the<br />standardization of the variables, independent components were obtained using the (PCA).<br />The series of principal component scores were used as input in multiple linear regression<br />models. This method was applied to four stations in East Azerbaijan Province in the North<br />West of Iran. Mathematical models of pan evaporation were derived for each station. The<br />results showed that the first three components in all four stations account for more than<br />90% of the data variance. Performance criteria, namely coefficient of determination (R2)<br />and root mean square error (RMSE), were calculated for models in each station. The results<br />showed that in all the PCA-MLR models, the R2 value was greater than 0.74 (significant at<br />the 5% level) and the RMSE was less than 0.52 mm per day. In general, the results showed<br />an improvement in the results using combination of PCA and MLR models for pan<br />evaporation estimation.https://ijerr.gau.ac.ir/article_4642_76d694656a71c1d70dd5c3a2d9936216.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesEnvironmental Resources Research2783-48327120190701Spatio-temporal distribution of off-shore ships in the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone based on satellite imagery4354464310.22069/ijerr.2019.15738.1254ENQadirAshournejadPh.D candidate of Remote Sensing and GIS, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFarshadAmiraslaniAssociate Professor of Remote Sensing and GIS, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMajidKiavarz MoghadamAssistant Professor of Remote Sensing, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAraToomanianAssistant Professor of GIS, Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20181208Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are areas controlled by specific legislations so as to<br />attain economic prosperity. These zones are commonly established and controlled by<br />government officials and are primarily characterized by growing population and developing<br />transport infrastructure. One relevant case is the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone<br />(PSEEZ) situated in the south of Iran, on the northern shores of the Persian Gulf. This<br />particular zone has been formed to extract, refine, and export gas. The coast of the Persian<br />Gulf has brought on further expansions in sea transportation, thereby increasing shipping<br />activities in the area. The chief mode of shipping goods and materials in the PSEEZ is<br />Maritime transportation. Identification of areas where traffic is carried out requires the<br />collection of spatial data of ships. These spatial data are utilized in several applications for<br />modeling of marine ecosystem. The central purpose of this research is to procure spatial<br />data required for the PSEEZ using optical remote sensing images. Thus, Landsat-8 and<br />Sentinel-2 images spanning from 2013 to 2018 were incorporated to identify ships in the<br />study area. The threshold-based method was implemented for detecting the ships using<br />infrared bands of 172 images, upon which a total of 3361 ships were identified. The map of<br />areas affected by ship traffic was prepared using Hot Spot analysis. The results specify that<br />more than 80 square kilometers of the marine environment has been affected by ship traffic<br />during the years 2013- 2018.https://ijerr.gau.ac.ir/article_4643_fe602db83f6c4747e731690c4ab71a8c.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesEnvironmental Resources Research2783-48327120190701Numerical simulation of flow in a fishway of Karkheh-Hamidieh diversion dam and environmental considerations to investigate possibility of fishway use in Mazandaran Province5566464410.22069/ijerr.2019.13637.1213ENMehdiNezhadnaderiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityToorajFathieRamsarJournal Article20170712Pool and weir is a type of fishway that provides a route for fish to migrate to dam<br />upstream. The effective parameters for fish swimming include velocity, water depth and<br />turbulence. Several rubber dams have been under construction in Mazandaran Province, but<br />the necessary structures have not been built around them yet. When constructing these rubber<br />dams, numerical models can be used to evaluate flow velocity and currently in Iran there is<br />also the possibility of comparing the results with field measurements at Karkhe-Hamidieh<br />dam of Khuzestan Province. In this paper, the three-dimensional equations governing shallow<br />water in the weir and orifice fishway were solved using the suitable models of turbulence, and<br />the flow pattern and turbulence were calculated. The results of flow simulation and field<br />measurements using Micromollineh were also compared. The final result showed that the<br />velocity lines in submerged and non-submerged modes with constant velocity were similar to<br />those estimated by Micromollineh - about 0.469 mps. We suggest it is not necessary to reduce<br />the flow rate in a submerged state using devices such as baffles. The small Cyprinidae fishes<br />are able to cross the fishway due to the slow flow of non-submerged state. In case of nonsubmerged<br />state, there is a need to reduce the flow rate.https://ijerr.gau.ac.ir/article_4644_743ce99ecdffaa27cd8d1611a4107a55.pdfGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesEnvironmental Resources Research2783-48327120190701A study of the effect of changes in the area of Maharlu lake on climatic parameters of Shiraz and on land surface temperature of its surrounding areas6778464510.22069/ijerr.2019.15120.1240ENMehranFatemimeybod univesityMahdiNarangifardyazduniversityJournal Article20180521Remote sensing is increasingly used in studies of periodic changes of land use and land<br />surface temperature (LST) calculations. In this paper, the effect of change in the area of<br />Maharlu Lake on climatic elements, land surface temperature and vegetation cover in the<br />areas surrounding the lake were studied. To this end, the ETM + & TM sensor data of<br />LANDSAT satellite on May 22, 1987, May 17, 2000, March 20, 1999 and March 18, 2009<br />were used. The findings suggested that the average percentage of vegetation index in the<br />10-km buffer of the lake in 1987 (wet year) compared to 2000 (dry year) had dropped by<br />15% in the same month. In March 1999 and 2009, however, only a 3 percent decline was<br />recorded. The minimum, average and maximum LST in the periphery of the lake registered<br />an increase on the same dates during the wet period, but the temperature pattern was<br />identical in both periods. Most climatic elements increased in dry years compared to that of<br />the wet years. Also, comparing the statistical features of climatic elements in synoptic<br />stations of Shiraz at the time of capturing images and for the long-term average (1956-<br />2012) suggested a relatively lower increase in temperature during wet years compared to<br />the average long-term period. In most of the years when the precipitation was below<br />average (300 mm), the lake dried in May. In contrast, in years when the precipitation was<br />more than 400 mm, the lake received abundant rainfall in all months. The heavy<br />dependence of the lake on rainfall, the small size of the catchment and the seasonality of<br />rivers flowing into the lake make conditions extremely sensitive, critical and rainfalldependenthttps://ijerr.gau.ac.ir/article_4645_baf70470e207198cafa679e93ba1b08d.pdf