The Effect of Green Spaces on Housing Prices Using Hedonic Method in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources & Desert Studies, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

2 MSc student, Department of Economics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran

Abstract

Nowadays, the housing market and related issues are global matters that have attracted the attention of planners and policymakers. So housing price estimation is Fundamental for public and private investors. The environmental characteristics of a place, such as green space, are one of the determining factors in housing prices. Therefore, this research has been conducted to investigate the effect of green space on the price of surrounding houses in the Ghadir park of Yazd in central Iran. The sample size was determined using Cochran relation. The data have been collected by a questionnaire, referring to real estate agencies and maps. The ordinary least squares regression method and Eviews 9 software were used to analyze the data. Then, a model was proposed for estimating the hedonic price function of the study area. According to the results, from 15 independent variables, variables of reconstruction, number of floors, number of bedrooms, distance to the main street, distance to the city center, and distance to park have a significant relationship with the price of housing units (P≤0.05). The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) was equal to 0.918. Using the hedonic method, it is concluded that although environmental goods such as parks and green spaces are not exchanged in the market, families pay for them in reality.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abbasloo, M., and Sina, F. 2005. Estimation of Hedonic Price Function in Tehran Urban Housing. Journal of Quantitative Economics. 2. 105–135.
Abedin Darkush, S. 2015. Introduction to Urban Economics, 8th edition. Tehran: University Publication Center of Iran.
Aghapour Sabbagi, M. 2011. Evaluation Clean Air Effects on Tehran City Residential Houses Price in 2009. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 4(2), 213-222.
Aladwan, Z., and Ahamad, M.S.S. 2019. Hedonic Pricing Model for Real Property Valuation via GIS - A Review. Civil and Environmental Enggineering Reports. 29(3), 34–47.
Amirnejad, H. 2007. Natural resources economics. Tehran: Javdaneh Publication.
Amirnejad, H., Nabizadeh Zolpirani, M., and Heydari Kamalabadi, R. 2016. The Impact of Rasht Eynak Lagoon on Housing Price of the Region by Using Hedonic Pricing Method. Journal of Urban Economic and Management. 4(16), 33–48.
Anderson, S.T., and West, S.E. 2006. Open space, residential property values, and spatial context. Regional Science and Urban Economics. 36(6), 773–789.
Arnott, R. 2008. Housing policy in developing countries. The importance of the informal economy. Riverside: University of California at Riverside. pp.167.
Asgari, A., and Ghaderi, J. 2002. Determination of housing price in urban areas of iran by using hedonic price method (HPM). Journal of Sustainable Growth and Development (The Economic Research). 1(4), 91–108.
Aziz, A., Anwar, M.M., and Dawood, M. 2020. The impact of neighborhood services on land values: an estimation through the hedonic pricing model. GeoJournal. 1-11.
Azizi, M.M. 2004. Density in urban planning. Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
Belcher, R.N., and Chisholm, R.A. 2018. Tropical Vegetation and Residential Property Value: A Hedonic Pricing Analysis in Singapore. Ecological Economics. 149, 149–159.
Bhattacharya Prodyut, P., Pradhan, L., and Yadav, G. 2010. Joint forest management in India: Experiences of two decades. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 54(8), 469–480.
Brander, L.M., and Koetse, M.J. 2011. The value of urban open space: Meta-analyses of contingent valuation and hedonic pricing results. Journal of Environmwntal Management. 92(10). 2763–2773.
Cho, S.-H., Bowker, J.M., and Park, W.M. 2006. Measuring the Contribution of Water and Green Space Amenities to Housing Values: An Application and Comparison of Spatially Weighted Hedonic Models. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. 31(3), 485–507.
Choumert, J., and Phélinas, P. 2015. Determinants of agricultural land values in Argentina. Ecological. Economics. 110, 134–140.
Chumpitaz, R., Kerstens, K., Paparoidamis, N., and Staat, M. 2010. Hedonic price function estimation in economics and marketing: revisiting Lancaster’s issue of “noncombinable” goods. Annals of Operations Research. 173(1), 145–161.
Crane, R., Daniere, A., and Harwood, S. 1997. The Contribution of Environmental Amenities to Low-income Housing: A Comparative Study of Bangkok and Jakarta. Urban Studies. 34(9), 1495–1512.
Cropper, M.L., Deck, L.B., and McConnell, K.E. 1988. On the Choice of Funtional Form for Hedonic Price Functions. The Review of Economics Statistics. 70(4), 668–675.
Dökmeci, V., Önder, Z., and Yavas, A. 2003. External factors, housing values, and rents: evidence from survey data. Journal of Housing Research. 14(1), 83–99.
Emami Meybodi, A., Azami, A., and Haghdoost, E. 2010. Environmental Effective Factors on Houses Prices in Tehran: Hedonic Pricing Approach. Journal of Economic Research. 44(2).
Evans, A.W. 2004. Real Estate and the Supply of Land, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
Geoghegan, J. 2002. The value of open spaces in residential land use. Land Use Policy. 19(1), 91–98.
Gholizadeh, A. A. 2008. Housing price theory in Iran in simple language. Hamedan: Noor Alam Publications.
Ghorbani, S., and Afgheh S.M. 2017. Forecasting the house price for Ahvaz city: the comparison of the hedonic and artificial neural network models. Journal of Urban Economics and Management. 5(13), 29-44.
Gobster, P.H., Westphal, L.M., and Nilon, C .1998. People and the River: Perception and Use of Chicago Waterways for Recreation. USDI National Park Service Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program, Milwaukee, WI. URL:http://www.ncrs.fs.fed.us /epubs/chicagoriver/
Gouriéroux, C., and Laferrère, A. 2009. Managing hedonic housing price indexes: The French experience. Journal of Housing. Economics. 18(3), 206–213.
Greenaway-McGrevy, R., and Sorensen, K., 2021. A Time-Varying Hedonic Approach to quantifying the effects of loss aversion on house prices. Economic Modelling, 99, 105491.
Grislain-Letrémy, C., and Katossky, A. 2014. The impact of hazardous industrial facilities on housing prices: A comparison of parametric and semiparametric hedonic price models. Regional of Science Urban Economics. 49, 93–107.
Gujarati, D. 1998. Basic econometrics. Translator: Abrishami, H, University of Tehran. Press
Guo, Z., Xiao, X., Gan, Y., and Zheng, Y. 2001. Ecosystem functions, services and their values – a case study in Xingshan County of China. Ecological. Economics. 38(1), 141–154.
Hill, R.J., Melser, D., and Syed, I. 2009. Measuring a boom and bust: The Sydney housing market 2001–2006. J. Housing. Economics. 18(3), 193–205.
Jim, C.Y., Chen, and W.Y. 2007. Consumption preferences and environmental externalities: A hedonic analysis of the housing market in Guangzhou. Geoforum. 38(2), 414–431.
Kain, J.F., and Quigley, J.M. 1970. Measuring the Value of Housing Quality. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 65, 532–548.
Karkoski, J. 2009. A hedonic pricing model of the effect of the amerrican river parkway on home prices in Sacramento Country, California, USA. Sacramento: California State Universty.
Karlik, B., and Vehbi Olgac, A. 2011. Performance analysis of Various Activation function in generalized MLP architectures of NERURAL networks. International Journal of Artifical Intelligence and Expert System. 1(4), 111–122.
Kaufman, D.A., and Cloutier, N.R. 2006. The Impact of Small Brownfields and Greenspaces on Residential Property Values. Journal of Real Estate Financ Economics. 33(1), 19–30.
Khalili Araghi, M., and Nobahar, E. 2012. Predicting Housing Prices for the City of Tabriz: Application of the Hedonic Pricing and Artificial Neural Network Models. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policies. 19(60), 113–138.
Khorshiddoust, A. M. 2009. The Application of Hedonic Pricing Method in Estimating the Hidden Economic Value of Environment: The Case Study of Correlation between Public Services, Pollution, and the Housing Prices in Selected Areas of Tabriz. Journal of Environmental Studies. 35(51), 81-92.
Khoshakhlagh, R., Emadzadeh, M., and Sharifi, M. 2000. Estimation of housing demand Function With Using Hedonic Price. Journal of Economic Research. 34, 99–117.
Kohikamali, M., and Rajabi, M. A. 2010. The Effectiveness of Urban Green Space on Residential Use Value. Journal of GIS and RS Application in Planning. 1(1), 23-31.
Gupta, K., Kumar, P., Pathan, S. K., and Sharma, K. P. 2012. Urban Neighborhood Green Index - A measure of green spaces in urban areas, Landscape and urban planning, 105(3), 325-335.
Lisi, G. 2019. Property valuation: the hedonic pricing model – location and housing submarkets. Journal of Property Investment and Finance. 37(6), 589–596.
Luttik, J. 2000. The value of trees, water and open space as reflected by house prices in the Netherlands. Landscape and Urban Planning. 48(3-4), 161–167.
Marrouch, W., and Sayour, N. 2021. Hedonic housing prices and environmental quality in Lebanon. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis. 14(5), 953-968.
Matos, A., Cabo, P., Ribeiro, I., and Fernandes, A. 2010. Economic valuation of environmental goods and services. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference. Instituto Politécnico de Braganç, Bragança, Portugal.
Merat B., and Hejazi, R. 2020. Economic Model Presentation Using HPM: Qeitariyeh Park. Journal of Urban Economics and Planning. 9(2), 61-69.
Montazer Hojat, A.M., and Mansouri, B. 2016. An Economic Valuation: Is the Society Willing to pay for Conservation of Hoor-al-Azim Wetland?. Iranian Journal of Economics Studies. 5(1), 79-100.
Oikarinen, E. 2007. Studies on housing price dynamics. Turku: Sarja, Series A.9.
Ozus, E., Dokmeci, V., Kiroglu, G., and Egdemir, G. 2007. Spatial Analysis of Residential Prices in Istanbul. European Planning Studies. 15(5), 707–721.
Panduro, T.E., and Veie, K.L. 2013. Classification and valuation of urban green spaces- A hedonic house price valuation. Landscape Urban Planning. 120, 119–128.
Pearce, D.W., and Warford, J.J. 1993. World without End: Economics, Environment, and Sustainable Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Poudyal, N.C., Hodges, D.G., and Merrett, C.D. 2009. A hedonic analysis of the demand for and benefits of urban recreation parks. Land use policy. 26(4), 975–983.
Ridker, R.G., and Henning, J.A. 1967. The Determinants of Residential Property Values with Special Reference to Air Pollution. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 49(2), 246–257.
Saadatmehr M. 2011. Estimation of Hedonic Price Function for Khoramabad Urbun Housing. Knowledge and Development. 17, 313–339.
Salem, A., and Akaberi Tafti, M. 2018. Calculating the willingness to pay to avoid of pollution harmful effects by using the Hedonic price in different provinces of Iran. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics. 15(2), 23–50.
Senanayake, I.P., Welivitiya, W.D.D.P., and Nadeeka, P.M. 2013. Urban green spaces analysis for development planning in Colombo Sri Lanka. Utilizing THEOS satellite imagery a remote sensing and GIS approach. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 12(3), 307-314
Smith, V.K., and Palmquist, R.B. 1994. Temporal Substitution and the Recreational Value of Coastal Amenities. The Review of Economic Statistics. 76, 119–126.
Sue, E.D.W., and Wong, W.-K. 2010. The political economy of housing prices: Hedonic pricing with regression discontinuity. Journal Housing Economics. 19(2), 133–144.
Tajima, K. 2003. New Estimates of the Demand for Urban Green Space: Implications for Valuing the Environmental Benefits of Boston’s Big Dig Project. Journal of Urban Affairs. 25(5), 641–655.
Teimouri, I., Hakimi, H., and Hossianpour Shad, V. 2016. The Role of Physical and Accessibility Variables in Determination of Housing Price; Case Study Sahand New Town. Geography and Planning. 20(57), 81–95.
Thériault, M., Des Rosiers, F., and Dubé, J. 2007. Testing the Temporal Stability of Accessibility Value in Residential Hedonic Prices. Scienze. Regionali. 3, 5–46.
Troy, A., and Grove, J.M. 2008. Property values, parks, and crime: A hedonic analysis in Baltimore, MD. Landsc. Urban Planning. 87(3), 233–245.
Tyrväinen, L. 1997. The amenity value of the urban forest: an application of the hedonic pricing method. Landscape and Urban Planning. 37, (3-4) 211–222.
Varese, H.R., and Mousavi, M.N. 2010. An investigation of the factors influencing the housing price using hedonic price model (the case of Yazd third district). Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies. 1(3), 5–12.
Vural, H., and Fidan, H. 2009. Land marketing and hedonic price model in Turkish markets: Case study of Karacabey district of Bursa province. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 4(2), 71–75.
Wallbaum, H., Ostermeyer, Y., Salzer, C., and Zea Escamilla, E. 2012. Indicator based sustainability assessment tool for affordable housing construction technologies. Ecological Indicators. 18, 353–364.
Witte, A.D., Sumka, H.J., and Erekson, H. 1979. An Estimate of a Structural Hedonic Price Model of the Housing Market: An Application of Rosen’s Theory of Implicit Markets. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society. 47(5), 1151–1173.
Ying, Y., Koeva, M., Kuffer, M., Asiama, K.O., Li, X., and Zevenbergen, J. 2021. Making the Third Dimension (3D) Explicit in Hedonic Price Modelling: A Case Study of Xi’an, China. Land. 10(1), 24.
Yusuf, A.A., and Resosudarmo, B.P. 2009. Does clean air matter in developing countries’ megacities? A hedonic price analysis of the Jakarta housing market, Indonesia. Ecological Economics. 68(5), 1398–1407.
Zarra Nezhad, M., and Anvaari, E. 2006. Estimation of Hedonic Housing Price Function For Ahvaz using Panel Data Analysis. Iranian Journal of Economic Research. 8(28), 139–168.